Adult scoliosis: more than a curve, and not always a case for surgery

Scoliosis is usually associated with adolescence, but it also appears or progresses in adulthood, with different causes and symptoms.

What is scoliosis?

It is a sideways curve of the spine that gives it a curved shape when seen from the front or back.

Why does scoliosis appear in adults?

There are two main situations:

1. Scoliosis since youth that, over the years, stays the same or increases.
2. Degenerative scoliosis, which appears in adulthood from uneven wear of the discs and joints, tilting the spine to one side.

What symptoms does adult scoliosis cause?

The most common reason for a visit is lower back pain that increases when standing or walking for a long time. If the curve compresses nerves, there can be pain running down the legs, tingling or weakness. Changes in posture may also be noticeable: one shoulder or hip higher, the trunk leaning or a feeling of having lost height. Because they are gradual, other people sometimes notice them first.

Does adult scoliosis need surgery?

Not always. When the curve is stable and symptoms are mild, treatment focuses on controlling pain, strengthening the muscles that support the spine and keeping mobility, with periodic checkups to see whether the curve progresses.

When is a specialized evaluation a good idea?

When pain limits your activities, the curve visibly increases, weakness or numbness appears in the legs, or posture changes affect your balance. In those cases surgery may be considered to correct the deformity and free the nerves.

In summary

Having a curve in the spine is not a cause for alarm in itself. What matters is finding out whether it is causing symptoms or progressing, and deciding on the right treatment in time.

This article is for information only and does not replace a medical visit. If you have warning signs, go to the emergency room.