Blow to the head: when it is mild and when it needs urgent care

After a blow to the head, the most common question is whether rest is enough or a trip to the hospital is needed. Knowing how to tell normal symptoms from warning signs can be decisive.

What is a mild traumatic brain injury?

It is an injury in which a blow or a sudden jolt to the head temporarily disrupts brain function; it includes what is known as a concussion. It happens in traffic accidents, falls or contact sports. Being "mild" does not mean it should be taken lightly.

Which symptoms are normal after a blow to the head?

It is common to feel, for minutes or hours:

• Headache, dizziness or feeling dazed.
• Nausea.
• Sensitivity to light or noise.
• Trouble concentrating and tiredness.

In most cases they improve within days or a few weeks with proper rest.

When is a blow to the head an emergency?

Go to the emergency room immediately if there is:

• Loss of consciousness, even briefly.
• A headache that gets worse instead of better.
• Seizures, severe confusion, excessive drowsiness or difficulty waking up.
• Repeated vomiting, double or blurred vision.
• Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs, or trouble speaking.
• Blood or clear fluid coming from the ears or nose.

Who needs closer monitoring?

Young children and older adults, because they are more vulnerable and their symptoms are harder to notice or communicate. Also people who take blood thinners.

Is a CT scan always needed?

Not in every mild case. A head CT scan is the reference study to detect bleeding or fractures that need neurosurgical care, but the decision to order one depends on each patient's medical evaluation.

What care is recommended at home?

Relative rest for the first 24 to 48 hours, avoiding alcohol and sedatives, and having someone stay with the patient to notice changes such as drowsiness, vomiting or confusion. If any of these appear, get an evaluation.

In summary

Most mild blows heal with rest. When in doubt, seeking a medical evaluation is always the most prudent decision.

This article is for information only and does not replace a medical visit. If you have warning signs, go to the emergency room.