Some conditions are present from birth and need a specialized evaluation. The doctor reviews your case and imaging to define treatment and follow-up.
Common symptoms
- Recurring pain or neurological symptoms
- Weakness or changes in sensation
- Problems with walking or balance
- Findings on imaging
Treatment options
From least to most invasive. The choice is made after reviewing your symptoms and your imaging.
- 1Neurological evaluation and review of imaging
- 2Monitoring and follow-up according to the diagnosis
- 3Surgery when indicated
What are congenital malformations of the nervous system?
They are changes in how the brain, spinal cord or spine formed that are present from birth, such as Chiari malformation, tethered cord or some forms of spina bifida. Some are found in childhood and others are discovered in adulthood.
Does a congenital malformation always need surgery?
No. Many only need monitoring with periodic imaging. Surgery is considered when the malformation causes symptoms that progress, such as a characteristic headache, weakness, changes in sensation or trouble walking, or when imaging shows compression.
What studies are needed to evaluate them?
An MRI of the brain and spine is the main study. In some cases it is complemented with a CT scan or dynamic studies. Bringing earlier imaging shows whether the malformation has stayed stable or changed over time.
Frequently asked questions
What is considered a congenital malformation?
Structural changes present from birth that can affect the nervous system or the spine.
How are they detected?
With a clinical evaluation and imaging (MRI or CT), depending on the case.
Do they always cause symptoms?
No. Some are found on imaging and are only monitored if they cause no symptoms.
When is surgery indicated?
When there are significant symptoms, a risk of progression or neurological involvement.