Hydrocephalus needs a clinical evaluation and imaging to find the cause and the treatment. The plan is based on symptoms, age and findings.
Common symptoms
- Headache
- Changes in walking or balance
- Nausea or vomiting (in some cases)
- Memory problems or confusion
- Vision changes
Treatment options
From least to most invasive. The choice is made after reviewing your symptoms and your imaging.
- 1Neurological evaluation
- 2Review of MRI or CT scans
- 3Follow-up and treatment planning according to the diagnosis
- 4Surgery when indicated
What is hydrocephalus in adults?
It is a buildup of cerebrospinal fluid inside the brain. In older adults there is a form called normal pressure hydrocephalus, which causes trouble walking, memory problems and loss of bladder control, and is often mistaken for normal aging.
Can hydrocephalus be treated?
Yes. The most common treatment is a shunt that drains the extra fluid into the abdomen. In some cases an endoscopic ventriculostomy can be done. When the diagnosis is correct, many patients walk better and enjoy a better quality of life.
How is it diagnosed?
With a CT scan or MRI of the brain, a neurological exam and, for the normal pressure form, tests such as a lumbar tap to see whether walking improves when fluid is removed. This helps predict who will benefit from surgery.
Frequently asked questions
What is hydrocephalus?
It is a problem with the circulation or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid that can enlarge the cavities of the brain.
How is it diagnosed?
With a clinical exam and imaging such as a CT scan or MRI.
Is surgery always required?
Not always. It depends on the type, severity and symptoms. The specialist defines the plan.
Which warning signs need attention?
Neurological worsening, marked drowsiness, significant confusion or rapid decline.
